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Data Dictionary in SAP ABAP

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Data Dictionary in SAP ABAP

Data Dictionary in SAP ABAP is primary and most important part which every new SAP consultant must be learn to get deep into SAP applications because every objects integrates with data dictionary.

Brief  Lesson  about SAP data dictionary in ABAP


Data dictionary is a central storage of all data definitions used in the SAP system. It creates and controls the all data definitions and maintains all data without redundancy. New and modified data automatically provided for all system modules. It provides data integrity, consistency and security.
SAP dictionary supports the user defined data types and it completely integrates into ABAP workbench thus which will be accessible for all integrated modules in SAP.
We can create different types of Objects in ABAP dictionary which are
Tables
Views
Types
Lock objects
Domains
Data elements
Structures
Search helps

Tables in ABAP data dictionary:

Tables contain the fields which are created using data types and length. Table is independent object of data base in SAP ABAP dictionary. Table components are 

Table fields, foreign keys, technical settings and indexes

Views


Views or structures   contain data or fields from one or more tables that is we can combine several tables’ data and use it into one single table that is we can reduce the unnecessary fields into objects. It does not store physically in the Database.

There are four different views:
Database views
Projection views
Help views
Maintenance views

Types:


We can define our own data types and store them in the ABAP data dictionary and we can use them more than once in our ABAP applications thus we can achieve reusability of user defined data types and we are using TYPES statement to access our user defined data types also if we change or modify them that changes reflect everywhere types structures are used.
Data Elements
Structures
Table Types
These are all above different types which we are creating SAP data dictionary.

Domain:


Domain creates the value range and assigned data element and we can create, change and delete domains and also we can create Value Table and Conversion Routines in Domain.

Search Helps:


We can create input help (f4) for screen fields using search help objects created in the ABAP data dictionary and we can display all possible input values for a single or multiple screen fields thus user can get help from search help objects defined in the data dictionary. There are two types of search helps in the data dictionary.
Elementary Search Help
Collective Search Help

Lock Objects:


SAP system provides synchronizes mechanism for several users' simultaneous access to the same data records. When interactive transactions are applied, the system sets and releases locks by calling function modules for Lock Requests. These function modules are automatically created when the definition of lock objects defined in the ABAP Dictionary.
Sometimes, user wants the tables in which data records must be locked with a lock request, and the key fields of these tables. When you select the tables, you must first select the primary table. We have to add further secondary tables, using foreign key relationships.


Data Elements 

A data element is used define the field description. It is most useful to use the same data element for same characteristics fields in several tables this which increases re-usability.
An elementary type is defined by the built-in data type, length and number of decimal places.

Reference type uses for the types of reference variables in ABAP programs.
We use a data element to define the type of a table field and structure component.

Structures:

Structures are available as Include and Custom structures which are used to add extra fields for  the SAP table. These are like user-defined data types. Structures are like a table and which can be called from ABAP programs and which contains data only during the run-time of a program.

In the next post we will learn SAP ABAP Data Dictionary Components in detail.



 Domains in sap abap data dictionary

Tables in sap

 Views in data dictionary

 Types in data dictionary

Search helps in data dictionary

Lock objects in data dictionary

Data types in data dictionary

Pooled and cluster tables

Check table and value table in abap data dictionary

Step By Step tutorial on SAP Table
Step By Step tutorial on SAP Structure
Step By Step tutorial on SAP Domain
Step By Step tutorial on SAP Help  View
Step By Step tutorial on Type Group
Step By Step tutorial on SAP Secondary Index

 Data Dictionary Interview Questions



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