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SAP ABAP programming overview

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Every SAP ABAP consultant should have overview on ABAP application programming process in SAP system to understand SAP software 3 tier client/server technology.

SAP ABAP programming overview


ABAP stands for Advanced Business Application Programming. It is a 4th generation language. Currently it is competes with Java, as the main language for SAP application server programming. Now  let us learn architecture of SAP system. The 3-tier Client/Server architecture of a typical SAP system.

The Presentation layer contains of any input device that can be used to control SAP system. This could be a web browser. All the central processing work takes place in Application server. The Application server is not just only one system in itself, but it can be multiple instances of the processing system. The server communicates with the Database layer that is usually kept on a separate server, mainly for performance reasons and also for security. Communication happens between each layer of the system, from the Presentation layer to the Database and then turns back to the process. 

sap abap overview

Note: ABAP programs runs at the application server level. Technical distribution of software is independent of its physical location. It means basically all three levels can be installed on top of each other on one computer or each level can be installed on a different computer or a server. 

 ABAP programs stores inside the SAP database. All ABAP applications execute under the control of the runtime system that is a part of the SAP kernel. The run-time system processes all ABAP statements, controlling the flow logic and responding to user actions.  
So, unlike C++ and Java, ABAP programs are not stored in separate external files. Inside the database, 
ABAP code exists in two forms:  

Source code that can be viewed and edited with the ABAP workbench tools.  

The generated code which is a binary representation. If you know the Java code, this generated code is somewhat comparable with Java byte code. 

The run-time system can be regarded as a virtual machine, like a Java virtual machine. A key component of the ABAP run-time system is the database interface which rurns database independent statements (Open SQL) into the statements understood by the underlying database (Native SQL). As we understand,SAP can work with  variety of databases and the same ABAP program can run on all of those. 

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