ABAP Interview Questions :How to Face ABAP Interview?

ABAP Interview Questions: How to Face ABAP Interview?

As an SAP ABAP consultant, I have attended Much fresher and Real-time Interviews for several MNC companies, from that experience, I gathered the most important Interview Questions which are useful and updated for fresher and Experienced Candidates, to help them, I prepared these questions to face any interview from 0 to 5+ years. if you prepare these, you will surely get a job, I will assure you.

To prepare for fresher interviews, I gathered very basic interview questions from Data dictionary to ALE IDOC on complete ABAP objects .when you are preparing SAP ABAP interview, you will get some confusion because every object in ABAP is different, so preparing that somewhat difficult to face the interview, for example, if you take BDC which is totally different comparing to BAPI.So when you preparing all objects, you have to start one by one until you get confidence.

Here, I will guide you on how to prepare for an ABAP interview with Questions and Answers.

First, start with ABAP Data dictionary interview Questions which are very important to answers fundamental concepts of ABAP, otherwise, you can fail in the first five minutes of the interview. Analyze deeply concepts of Data Dictionary.

What is Data Dictionary in SAP?

We use the ABAP Dictionary to create and manage data definitions (metadata). The ABAP Dictionary allows a central description of all the data used in the system without redundancies. New or modified information is automatically updated for all the system components. It ensures data integrity, data consistency, and data security.

What are the features or important object types in the Data Dictionary?

Tables
Tables are defined in the ABAP Dictionary independently of the database.
Views
Views are logical views of more than one table.
Types
The structure of a type can be defined globally in ABAP programs.
Lock objects
These objects are used to synchronize access to the same data by more than one user.
Domains
Different fields having the same technical type can be combined in domains.

What are the Data Elements in Data Dictionary?

We use data elements to define the type of a table field, structure component or the row type of a table type.

What are the foreign keys in the Data Dictionary?

We use foreign keys to define relationships between tables in the ABAP Dictionary, create value checks for input fields, and link several tables in a view or a lock object.

What is Search helps in the Data Dictionary?

Search help are objects that you can use to assign input help (F4 Help) to screen fields. You can do this by creating a search help in the ABAP Dictionary and attaching it to the corresponding screen field.

There are two types of search helps:

1.Elementary search helps.

2.Collective search helps.

What is the database utility?

The database utility allows you to edit (create, delete and adjust to changes to their definition in the ABAP Dictionary) database objects derived from objects of the ABAP Dictionary.

What are Pooled and Cluster Tables ?

Table pools and table clusters are special table types in the ABAP Dictionary. The data from many different tables can be stored together in a table pool or table cluster. Tables assigned to a table pool or table cluster are indicated as pooled tables or cluster tables.

We must use a table pool or table cluster exclusively for storing internal control information (screen sequences, program parameters, temporary data, continuous texts such as documentation). Data of commercial relevance is stored in transparent tables.

What are the layers of the SAP System in R/3?

The external layer.
The ABAP/4 layer.
The database layer.

What is a Data Class?

The Data class determines in which tablespace the table is stored when it is created in the database.

There are the following data classes:

APPL0 (master data):
Data that is seldom changed.
APPL1 (transaction data):
Data that is frequently changed.
APPL2 (organizational data):
Customizing data that is defined when the system is installed and seldom changed.

What is the Size Category?

The Size category describes the probable space requirement of the table in the database.

How many types of size categories and data classes are there?

There are five size categories (0-4) and 11 data classes only three of which are appropriate for application tables:

•
APPL0- Master data (data frequently accessed but rarely updated).

•
APPL1- Transaction data (data that is changed frequently).

•
APPL2- Organizational data (customizing data that is entered when the system is configured and then rarely changed).

The other two types are:

USR

USR1 – Intended for customer’s own developments.

What are the control tables?

The values specified for the size category and data class are mapped to database-specific values via control tables.
What are the function of the transport system and workbench organizer?

The function of the transport system and the Workbench Organizer is to control any changes made to objects of the ABAP/4 Development Workbench and to transport these changes between different SAP systems.

Next Start with BDC Inteview Questions , from this area, you can expect 6 to 10 questions, if you know very well about call transaction and Session methods ,you cover this topic easily in the Interview.

What is the difference between Call Transaction and the Session method?

Session Method
The session method is used when the data volume is huge.
The session method is slow.
SAP Database is updated when you process the sessions. You need to process the sessions separately via SM35.

Errors are automatically handled during the processing of the batch input session.

Call Transaction

when the data volume is low

Call Transaction method is fast.

SAP Database is updated during the execution of the batch input program.

Errors are handled in the batch input program.

What is LSMW?

LSMW is a  tool that supports the transfer of data from non-SAP systems ("Legacy Systems") to SAP  R/3 systems. This can be a one-time transfer as well as a periodic one.

LSMW also supports the conversion of data of the legacy system in numerous ways. The data can then be imported into the SAP R/3 system via batch input, direct input, BAPIs, or IDocs.

Furthermore, the LSM Workbench provides a recording function that allows generating a "data migration object" to enable migration from any required transaction.


The main functions of the LSM Workbench are:
Import data (legacy data in spreadsheet tables and/or sequential files)
Convert data (from the source format to target format)
Import data (into the database of the R/3 application)
To start the LSMW workbench use transaction LSMW

TCODE  -  LSMW.

Very important questions in ABAP are  ALV reports Interview Questions,to cross the first step, you should have well prepared on ALV Object.

What is ALV?

ALV stands for ABAP List Viewer. ALV gives us a standard List format and user interface to all our ABAP reports. ALV is created by a set of standard function modules provided by SAP.

What are the uses of ALV reports?

Sorting of records
Filtering of records
Totals and Sub-totals
Download the report output to Excel/HTML
Changing the order of the columns in the report
Hide the unwanted columns  from the report

What are the standard function modules used to create ALV?

REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY                     Display an ALV list
REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY                      Display an ALV grid
REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE      Output List header information
REUSE_ALV_VARIANT_F4                       Display variant selection dialog box
REUSE_ALV_VARIANT_EXISTENCE       Checks whether a variant exists
REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE       Create field catalog from dictionary structure or internal table

What is Field Catalog in SAP ALV?

We have the following three ways to build a field catalog.

Automatically through a Data Dictionary structure. (Example in What is SAP ALV?)
Manually in ABAP program. (Example in Create a simple ALV)
Semi-automatically by combining the above two procedures.
Declare an internal table of type SLIS_T_FIELDCAT_ALV.
Call function module REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE

What is SLIS in ALV and standard type tables of it?

SLIS is the type library for ALV grid.

If you'll use the ALV you have to add TYPE-POOLS : SLIS. command at the beginning of your code.
 SLIS_LAYOUT_ALV,
SLIS_T_FIELDCAT_ALV
SLIS_T_LISTHEADER,
SLIS_T_EVENT,
SLIS_SELFIELD.

How do you define the default variant for ALV?

 The user can programmatically set the initial (default) variant for the list display.
The default variant can be found using the function module 'REUSE_ALV_VARIANT_DEFAULT_GET'.

Smartforms Interview Questions which also paly very important go further into the success of the interview, learn technical aspects of smart forms, and Prepare for SAP scripts questions even if we will face 2 to 3 questions from scripts to impress the interviewer.

What is smartform?

Smart Forms are printing forms used to print invoices and purchase order forms etc. We are calling smart forms from  ABAP programs then spools are generated, now smart forms ready to be printed.


smartforms is the transaction to design the smart form layout.

SMART STYLES are used to define paragraph and character formats (fonts, barcodes, etc.)

What are the differences between SAP Scripts and Smartforms?

SAP Scripts are client dependent whereas Smartforms are client independent.

SAP Scripts require a driver program to display the output whereas in smart forms the form routines can be written so that it is standalone.
A Table Painter and Smart styles to assist in building up the smart forms

An integrated Form Builder helps to design Smartforms more easily than SAP Scripts
It is possible to create a Smartform without the main window
The function module is generated for Smartforms when we are activating it.

Multiple page formats are possible in smart forms.

What is the meaning of an SAP Script and what is the role of it?

SAP scripts are using to print the forms, Ex: Purchase Order, Invoice, etc.

What are the Paragraph and Character Formats?

To format texts informs, you need paragraph and character formats.

What are Windows and Text Elements?

Forms usually consist of individual text areas (address, date, footer, and so on). To provide these areas with texts, you must define the areas first as output areas.

SAPscript calls such an output area a window.

Frequently used window names in application forms are ADDRESS, SENDER, MAIN, or PAGE.

ou can create each window only once on each page, except the main window, which may appear up to 99 times on each page.

Most of the success depends on answering the Enhancements framework Interview Questions that are BADI, User Exits, Customer Exits, and Implicit and Explicit options questions which are key to the success of the interview.

What is a BADI in SAP?

BADI (Business Add-In) is a new SAP Object Oriented enhancement technique that is used to add our own business functionality to the existing SAP standard functionality.
BADI follows the Object Oriented approach to make them reusable. A BADI can be used any number of times whereas standard enhancement techniques can be used only once.

What is the Difference BADI and User Exits in SAP?

Business Add-Ins are a new SAP enhancement technique based on ABAP Objects.


Badi’s allow for a multi-level system landscape (SAP, partner, and customer solutions, as well as country versions, industry solutions, and the like). Business Add-Ins can be created at each level within such a system infrastructure



Some BADI can have multiple independent implementations, which is much better for software deployment as several developers can implement the same BADI independently.

Customer-exit implemented in one project cannot be implemented in another.

What are the steps to Develop BADI in SAP?

Enter BADI name
Click on CREATE SE18
To define a BADI use Sap Menu -> Tools -> ABAP Workbench -> Utilities -> Business Ad-Ins ->
Defining BADIs - Attributes
-          Enter a short text
-          BADI class is automatically created
-          When a BADI is created, BADI class gets automatically created with the suffix 'CL_EX_' after the first character of the BADI name.
-          Package: Specifies the Package in which this BADI resides.
-          Multiple uses: With this option, you can have multiple implementations for the same BADI 

BAPI Interview Queestions also crucial to face tough interview angle in ABAP.

What is BAPI in SAP?

BAPI is a Business Application Programming that provides access to processes and data in business application systems such as R/3. BAPIs are defined as API methods of SAP business object types. Business object types and their BAPIs are described and stored in the Business Object Repository (BOR). A BAPI is implemented as a function module, that is stored and described in the Function Builder.

Explain the steps to create a BAPI?

1.Creating a structure in SE11
2.Creating the function module in SE37
3.Creating the business object in SWO1
4.Viewing the created BAPI in BAPI Explorer
5.Test the BAPI.(BAPI tcode)

What are the uses of BAPI?

Using BAPI, we can connect :
New R/3 components.
Non-SAP software.
Legacy systems.
Isolating components within the R/3 System.
Connecting R/3 Systems to the Internet.
PC programs.
Workflow applications.

What is the difference between BAPI and RFC?

BAPI:
BAPI is an RFC-enabled function module and we create business objects and registered in the BOR (Business Object Repository) which can be accessed outside the SAP system by using other applications (Non-SAP)  Languages such as VB or JAVA. That time we only define the business object and its methods from an external system.

RFC:

Communication between applications of different systems in the SAP environment including connections between SAP systems as well as between SAP systems and non-SAP systems. Remote Function Call (RFC) is the standard SAP interface for communication between SAP systems. The RFC calls a function to be executed in a remote system.

ALE IDOC Interview Questions finally decides your interview status, put more concentration on Idocs.

What is an ALE?

ALE stands for Application Link Enabling which links two systems.
ALE is a technology that can enable the exchange of data between two different Systems ( Sap - Sap OR Sap - Non Sap).

ALE architecture has the  3 layers :

Application layer related to the application data ( SD, MM, FI, or data for any SAP application ) .

The distribution layer decides to whom should the data generated by the application layer has to be distributed

Communication layer responsible for delivering the Idoc to the receiving system and communicates to the receiving system via tRFC , File ports, FTP or TCP/IP, etc.

ALE uses IDoc as a vehicle to transfer data between two systems.

What are the Advantages of ALE/IDOCS?

Reduced Data entry errors
Reduced processing time
Availability of data in electronic form
Reduced inventories and better planning
Standard means of communications
Better business process

What is an EDI ?

EDI stands for Electronic Data Interchange. It related to the electronic exchange of business data in a structured format between two systems. The EDI subsystem generally converts the Idoc data into one of the many EDI formats and generates an EDI file in an X12 format. The middleware then translates the X12 file to an IDOC format and the IDOC is sent to the SAP system.

What are the process types of EDI?

EDI has two processes:
1. Outbound process
2. Inbound process

What happens in the Outbound Process?

1.Application document is created.
2. IDOC is generated
3.Idoc is transferred from SAP to the Operating system layer
4.Idoc is converted into EDI standards
5.Edi document is transmitted to the business partner
6.The Edi Subsystem report status to SAP

What happens in the Inbound Process?

1.EDI transmission received
2.EDI document is converted into an IDOC
3.IDOC is transferred to the SAP layer
4.The application document is created
5.The application document can be viewed.

What is RFC Destination?

Used to define the characteristics of communication links to a remote system on which a function needs to be executed.

Finally, Object Oriented Programming Interview Questions will boost your interview to cross the hurdle of score point to select an Interview.

What are the main features of Object-oriented programming?

Encapsulation
Plomorphysm
Inheritance
Abstraction

What is the class definition?

A class is an abstract definition of a real-world object.

What is an Object?

An object is a real-world Object that contains properties and data.

How many types of classes in oops?

Public class
Private Class
Final Class
Singleton Class
Abstract class
Friend class
Persistent class

What is the difference between class and function group?

We can't create many instances of the function group but we create a number of instances for a class within an ABAP program.

What are the components of the classes?

Methods and attributes are components of the classes

What are the differences between local and global classes?

Locals are defined within the ABAP program but Global class is defined in the class builder SE24, available for all SAP applications.

What are the constructors and the difference between them?

A constructor is a special kind of method .it will be called automatically when the object is instantiated in the class. A class contains the two types of constructors default which are static and instance

static constructor called only one time when class loaded. Instance constructors are instance-specific that is object-specific, whenever we created a new object, instance constructors will be calling.

Prepare Module pool interview Questions, from this topic, some times we will get questions, often not.

What is the transaction code for the screen painter?

SE51.

What is the transaction code for Menu painter?

SE41.

What is the transaction code for the screen painter?

SE93.

What are the main components of dialog programs?

Screens
Module pools
Subroutines
Menus
Transactions

What is Screen flow Logic?

The screen flow logic is like an ABAP program in that it serves as a container for processing blocks. There are four event blocks, each of which is introduced with the screen keyword PROCESS:

PROCESS BEFORE OUTPUT.
 ...
PROCESS AFTER INPUT.
 ...
PROCESS ON HELP-REQUEST.
 ...
PROCESS ON VALUE-REQUEST.

What are the important screen key-words using in the event Blocks?

Within the event blocks, you can use the following screen-keywords:
Keyword
Description
MODULE
Calls a dialog module in an ABAP program
FIELD
Specifies the point at which the contents of a screen field should be transported
ON
Used in conjunction with FIELD
VALUES
Used in conjunction with FIELD
CHAIN
Starts a processing chain.
ENDCHAIN
Ends a processing chain.
CALL
Calls a subscreen.
LOOP
Starts processing a screen table
ENDLOOP
Ends processing a screen table.

And also prepare for the SAP real time Interview Questions as well as scenario wise ABAP interview Questions and Answers and Fresher ABAP interview Questions.