SAP ABAP Interview Questions for Freshers
SAP ABAP Interview Questions for Freshers
Are you start learning the SAP ABAP course? do you want to select for an interview? are you searching for questions, here I gathered some important and basic interview questions for freshers which are useful for learning stage ABAP developers?
What is SAP?
SAP means Systems Applications and Productions. It is an ERP Package that is Enterprise Resource Planning Software and It is also the name of the Company.
SAP Software was established in 1972 by Wellenreuther, Hopp, Hector, Plattner and Tschira.
SAP system means integration of a number of fully integrated modules that handle virtually every angle of the business management.
SAP Software's competitive languages in the market are Oracle, Microsoft Dynamics, etc.
What is SAP ABAP?
ABAP is a 4th Generation Language which is used to develop SAP Modules applications that are business scenarios of any Enterprise or organization. ABAP language executed in the 3 tier architecture of SAP System. SAP system consists of the 3 layers that are
Presentation Layer
Application Layer
Database Layer
We can see the Business applications in Presentation Layer.
ABAP Language Executed in the Application Layer.
All SAP data definitions stored in the Database Layer.
What you must be known to learn ABAP Language?
ABAP Syntax
Data Types and Objects
Operations on Data Objects
Controlling the Program Flow
Byte and Character String Processing
Field Symbols and Data Referencing
Internal Tables and Extracts
Saving Data Externally
How do you execute SAP ABAP Program?
ABAP programs can be executed only on a SAP Application Server.
Each ABAP program consists of self-contained processing blocks, which may place in any order in the source code. Processing blocks are sections of programs, made up of structure blocks. They are executed sequentially. A processing block can be called either from outside the ABAP program, or from a processing block within the same ABAP program .
What are the Types of SAP ABAP Programs?
Executable Programs
Module Pools
Function Groups
Class Pools
Interface Pools
Subroutine Pools
Include Programs
What is Modularization in ABAP?
All ABAP programs are modular in structure and made up of processing blocks (see Structure of Processing Logic ). There are two kinds of processing blocks, those that are called from outside a program by the ABAP runtime system, and those that can be called by ABAP statements in ABAP programs.
Processing blocks that are called using the ABAP runtime system:
Event Blocks
Dialog Modules
Processing blocks that are called from ABAP programs:
Subroutines
Function modules
Methods
What is the role of Object Oriented Programming in SAP ABAP?
What is Object Orientation?
The Basics of ABAP Objects
Classes
Object Handling
Declaring and Calling Methods
Special Sections on ABAP Objects
Inheritance
Interfaces
Triggering and Handling Events
Class and Interface Pools
What is Data Dictionary in SAP ABAP?
You use the ABAP Dictionary to create and manage data definitions (metadata). The ABAP Dictionary permits a central description of all the data used in the system without redundancies. New or modified information is automatically provided for all the system components. This ensures data integrity, data consistency and data security.
The ABAP Dictionary supports the definition of user-defined types (data elements, structures and table types). You can create the corresponding objects (tables or views) in the underlying relational database using these data definitions. The ABAP Dictionary describes the logical structure of the objects used in application development and shows how they are mapped to the underlying relational database in tables or views.
The most important object types in the ABAP Dictionary are:
Tables
Tables are defined in the ABAP Dictionary independently of the database. From this table definition follows the creation of a table with the same structure in the underlying database.
Views
Views are logical views of more than one table. The structure of the view is defined in the ABAP Dictionary. A view of the database can then be created from this structure.
Types
The structure of a type can be defined globally in ABAP programs. Changes to a type automatically take effect in all the programs using the type.
Lock objects
These objects are used to synchronize access to the same data by more than one user. Function modules that can be used in application programs are generated from the definition of a lock object in the ABAP Dictionary.
Domains
Different fields having the same technical type can be combined in domains. A domain defines the value range of all table fields and structure components that refer to this domain.
Local objects (Dev class$TMP) are independent of correction and transport system.
Related objects from the ABAP/4 repository are assigned to the same development class. This enables you to correct and transport related objects as a unit.
· Views
· Match codes
· Lock objects.
· The delivery class controls the degree to which the SAP or the customer is responsible for table maintenance.
· Whether SAP provides the table with or without contents.
· Determines the table type.
· Determines how the table behaves when it is first installed, at upgrade, when it is transported, and when a client copy is performed.
· Append Structures and
· Customizing Includes.
· Views
· Match Code.
· Lock Object.
What is a Match Code?
Match code is a tool to help us to search for data records in the system. Match Codes are an efficient and user-friendly search aid where key of a record is unknown.
· Non-standard conversions from display format to sap internal format and vice-versa are implemented with so called conversion routines.
Can you define a field without a data element?
Yes. If you want to specify no data element and therefore no domain for a field, you can enter data type and field length and a short text directly in the table maintenance.
If the value of a field in a table is undefined or unknown, it is called a null value.
Structures are constructed the almost the same way as tables, the only difference using that no database table is generated from them.
What is database utility?
Database utility is the interface between the ABAP/4 Dictionary and the underlying the SAP system.
Possible ABAP/4 data types:
C: Character.
D: Date, format YYYYMMDD.
F: Floating-point number in DOUBLE PRECISION (8 bytes).
I: Integer.
N: Numerical character string of arbitrary length.
P: Amount of counter field (packed; implementation depends on h/w platform).
S: Time Stamp YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.
V: Character string of variable length, length is given in the first two bytes.
X: Hexadecimal (binary) storage.
What are local objects?
Local objects (Dev class$TMP) are independent of correction and transport system.
What is a Development class?
Related objects from the ABAP/4 repository are assigned to the same development class. This enables you to correct and transport related objects as a unit.
What are the aggregate objects in the data dictionary?
· Views
· Match codes
· Lock objects.
What is the significance of Delivery Class?
· The delivery class controls the degree to which the SAP or the customer is responsible for table maintenance.
· Whether SAP provides the table with or without contents.
· Determines the table type.
· Determines how the table behaves when it is first installed, at upgrade, when it is transported, and when a client copy is performed.
What are two methods of modifying SAP standard tables?
· Append Structures and
· Customizing Includes.
What are the aggregate objects in the Dictionary?
· Views
· Match Code.
· Lock Object.
What is a Match Code?
Match code is a tool to help us to search for data records in the system. Match Codes are an efficient and user-friendly search aid where key of a record is unknown.
What are conversion routines?
· Non-standard conversions from display format to sap internal format and vice-versa are implemented with so called conversion routines.
Can you define a field without a data element?
Yes. If you want to specify no data element and therefore no domain for a field, you can enter data type and field length and a short text directly in the table maintenance.
What are null values?
If the value of a field in a table is undefined or unknown, it is called a null value.
What is the difference between a structure and a table?
Structures are constructed the almost the same way as tables, the only difference using that no database table is generated from them.
What is database utility?
Database utility is the interface between the ABAP/4 Dictionary and the underlying the SAP system.
What are the Data types of the ABAP/4 layer?
Possible ABAP/4 data types:
C: Character.
D: Date, format YYYYMMDD.
F: Floating-point number in DOUBLE PRECISION (8 bytes).
I: Integer.
N: Numerical character string of arbitrary length.
P: Amount of counter field (packed; implementation depends on h/w platform).
S: Time Stamp YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.
V: Character string of variable length, length is given in the first two bytes.
X: Hexadecimal (binary) storage.
What is BDC in SAP ABAP?
Batch input is generally used to transfer data from non-R/3 systems to R/3 systems or to transfer data between R/3 systems.
It is a data transfer technique that allows us to transfer data sets automatically to screens belonging to transactions, and thus to an SAP system. Batch input is controlled by a batch input session.
What are scripts , Smartforms and Adobe forms?
Smatforms
Smart Form technology allows to design print forms. ABAP programs have to "call" them so that spools are generated, ready to be printed.
SMARTFORMS is the transaction to design the smart form layout.
It is possible to embed texts, images, tables, barcodes.
Importing parameters have to be defined so that an ABAP program can send the data to be printed.
When the smart form is activated, a function module is generated that an ABAP program has to call. You should never assume the name of this function module as it may change in each system after import. See below how to do.
SMARTSTYLES transaction allows to define paragraph and character formats (fonts, barcodes, etc.)
SAP SCRIPTS
SAP script is the SAP System's own text-processing system.It looks and feels a lot like other leading text-processing systems.
It is used to print preformatted text in pre-formatted forms.
Adobe forms
PDF stands for Portable Document Format.
Definition:
It is a Universal file format developed by Adobe that preserves all the fonts, formatting, graphics, and color of any source document,
regardless of the application and platform used to create it. PDF files are compact and can be shared, viewed, navigated, and printed exactly as intended by anyone with Adobe Reader software.
Why PDF Forms?
1.It's an open standard
2.An Ideal document format
3.It provides security options like -
a.Digital signature validation
b.Disable save option
c.Disable select option
d.Disable print option.
.
What is the Enhancement Framework in SAP ABAP?
The Enhancement Framework enables you to add functionality to standard SAP software without actually changing the original repository objects.
Enhancement Techniques
User Exits
Customer Exits
BADI's
Implicit and Explicit Enhancement Options
What is BAPI in SAP ABAP?
Business Application Programming Interface(BAPI) are standardized programming interfaces (methods) enabling external applications to access business processes and data in the R/3 System.
They provide stable and standardized methods to achieve seamless integration between the R/3 System and external applications, legacy systems and add-ons.
BAPIs are defined in the BOR(Business object repository) as methods of SAP business object types that carry out specific business functions.They are implemented as RFC-enabled function modules and are created in the Function Builder of the ABAP Workbench.
What are IDOC's in SAP ABAP?
An IDoc is simply a data container that is used to exchange information between any two processes that can understand the syntax and semantics of the data. IDoc is not a process.
IDocs are stored in the database.
In the SAP system, IDocs are stored in database tables.
IDocs are independent of the sending and receiving systems.
IDocs are independent of the direction of data exchange.
What is Module Pool Programming in SAP ABAP?
Module pool programs are also called as dialog programs, Online programs or transactions These programs are a collection of screens, their Flow Logic, and the code within the main ABAP program.
What are Reports in SAP ABAP?
A report is a presentation of data in an organized structure. Many database management systems include a report writer that enables you to design and generate reports. SAP applications support report creation.
Classical Reports
ALV Reports
Finally ,we have got an idea on what is SAP ABAP language and How to Learn it and learned some SAP ABAP Interview Questions for Freshers .
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